Sunday, October 29, 2023

Contribution to Research Project

 For the research project, I have contributed by:

  • Author of the initial idea for our project, discussed and refined the idea with my groupmates 
  • Conducting primary research by contacting various rehabilitation clinics, such as Tan Tock Seng Hospital's Clinic for Advanced Rehabilitation Therapeutics  and Gleneagles Hospital
  • Authoring the background and methodology of the research project 
  • Collaborated with my teammates to conduct secondary research using ChatGPT

Sunday, October 15, 2023

Reader Response Draft 3

 

The article, “NuScale SMR Technology: An Ideal Solution for Repurposing U.S. Coal Plant Infrastructure and Revitalizing Communities.” by NuScale Power (2021), introduces their NuScale Small Modular Reactor (SMR) as part of their innovative project to create “modular light water reactor power plants” to replace coal-powered plants by providing power for generating electricity and supplying energy for various applications. (NuScale Power, 2021, p. 1) The SMR is able to produce “77 megawatts of electricity (MWe)” with pressurised water reactor technology that is more secure, compact and scalable. (NuScale Power, 2021, p. 2) The device uses the concept of “buoyancy-driven natural circulation” to move water throughout the reactor without the need for pumps. (NuScale Power, 2021, p. 4) With regards to safety, the device has a “fully passive safety system design” ensuring that reactors will shut down safely and “self-cool, indefinitely” without the assistance of an operator or a computer. (NuScale Power, 2021, p. 5) Pertaining to environmental impact, it has a lower output of sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and greenhouse gases compared to an average coal power plant. (NuScale Power, 2021) Lastly, its compact and modular design allows the size of an SMR power plant to be adjusted by changing the amount of SMR modules it uses based on the application’s energy needs, limited at 12 modules, as approved by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). (NuScale Power, 2021) NuScale SMR, given its safety features, modular design, and greater environmental sustainability, should replace traditional nuclear reactors completely.

 

An advantage that NuScale SMR holds over traditional nuclear reactors is its reduced fuel consumption. NuScale SMR uses “approximately 5 percent of the nuclear fuel of a conventional 1,000 MWe nuclear reactor”. (NuScale Fact Sheet, n.d). Considering that the average output of power from NuScale SMR is “77 megawatts of electricity (MWe)”,  (NuScale Power, 2021, p. 2), a total of 12 modules placed together would only require 40 percent less nuclear fuel, such as low-enriched uranium (LEU), than that of conventional nuclear reactors. As LEU may be used in the creation of possible nuclear weapons, the reduced amount of nuclear fuel needed for the NuScale SMR will ensure that nuclear proliferation would be as serve of a risk when compared to the nuclear fuel needed for a conventional reactor.

Additionally, NuScale SMR’s robust Passive Safety Features ensures accidents can be prevented before spiralling out of control. In the event of loss of power, NuScale has a set of five emergency core cooling system (ECCS) valves, which pushes coolant into the heat sink, reducing the reaction in the reactor, effectively shutting down the process. (‌Weber & Mullin, 2020) Since NuScale SMR work in modularity, it enables the operator to shut down individual reactors, allowing others to continue functioning in event of an emergency. This is in stark contrast to conventional reactors, where an emergency could lead to shutting down the entire process, which will result in a loss of power generated. As a result, NuScale SMR would be a more economical option, ensuring operation can continue in any event, whereas conventional reactors may cause loss of capital due to the shutdown of operation and if not contained, may lead to nuclear meltdowns, similar in scale to the Chernobyl and Three Mile Island nuclear power plants. 

 

However, there are factors that hinder major deployments of NuScale SMR, such as public perception of nuclear energy. The horrific bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki have been engrained into the soul of humanity after the end of the Second World War. With recent disasters in Chernobyl, Fukushima and many others, many people argue against the use of nuclear energy as an alternative to fossil fuels. Such sentiment has caused the closure of many nuclear power plants, especially in Germany, where by the end of 2022, they planned to shut down their final nuclear power plants (Fekete, 2022), ending almost 60 sixty years of nuclear power in the country. Though in the short-term, moving away from the dangers of nuclear power may seem beneficial to the safety of people, it will not last as climate change and the rise of fuel prices may outweigh the constraints of using nuclear energy.

 

Therefore, we must make a concerted effort to develop nuclear energy into a safer, more economical option to challenge our growing consumption of electricity. NuScale SMR offers such a solution and should be poised to replace traditional nuclear reactors to ensure that nuclear energy will be harnessed for future generations without the failures of the past.

 

 

References

NuScale Power (2021). NuScale Power | Small Modular Reactor (SMR) nuclear technology. NuScale SMR Technology: An Ideal Solution for Repurposing U.S. Coal Plant Infrastructure and Revitalizing Communities.

https://www.nuscalepower.com/-/media/nuscale/pdf/publications/nuscale-smr-technology-an-ideal-solution-for-coal-plant-replacement.pdf

 

2.      NUSCALE Small Modular Reactor [Review of NUSCALE Small Modular Reactor].

https://www.nuscalepower.com/-/media/nuscale/pdf/fact-sheets/about-nuscale-fact-sheet.pdf

 

3.      Weber, S. J., & Mullin, E. M. (2020). Severe accident phenomena: A comparison among the NuScale smr, other advanced lwr designs, and operating LWRs. Nuclear Technology206(9), 1351-1360.

https://doi.org/10.1080/00295450.2020.1756160

 

4.      Fekete, A. (2022). Phasing out of nuclear-Phasing out of risk? Spatial assessment of social vulnerability and exposure to nuclear power plants in Germany. Progress in Disaster Science15, 100242.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2022.100242

Critical Reflection

  Prior to this module, I was quite confident in my writing and communication skills, considering my past experiences in presentations. Thou...